Government of India Initiatives for Water Management

The Government of India has undertaken several initiatives to address the challenges of water management, including water scarcity, groundwater depletion, pollution, and inefficient usage. These initiatives focus on water conservation, sustainable management, and ensuring equitable access to clean water. Below is a detailed explanation of the key initiatives:

1. Jal Shakti Abhiyan (JSA)

Launched in 2019, JSA is a water conservation campaign implemented in mission mode.
It focuses on five major interventions:
1. Water conservation and rainwater harvesting
2. Renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks
3. Rejuvenation of small rivers and watersheds
4. Intensive afforestation
5. Water-efficient practices for agriculture
Implemented in water-stressed districts with active community participation.
Encourages local-level solutions like rooftop rainwater harvesting and check dams.

2. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)

Launched in 2015 to improve urban water infrastructure.
Objectives:
- Ensure universal coverage of water supply and sewerage.
- Promote rainwater harvesting and wastewater reuse.
- Develop green spaces and parks to improve groundwater recharge.
Encourages cities to adopt water-efficient technologies like smart water meters.

3. National Water Mission (NWM)

Part of India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC).
Aims to increase water use efficiency by 20% through better management practices.
Key Strategies:
- Basin-level water planning and integrated river basin management.
- Assessment of climate change impact on water resources.
- Encouraging water-neutral and water-positive industries.
Promotes traditional water conservation techniques alongside modern technology.

4. Namami Gange Programme

Launched in 2014 for the rejuvenation and cleaning of the Ganga River.
Aims to control pollution, improve river ecology, and promote sustainable management.
Key Components:
- Construction of sewage treatment plants (STPs) to reduce untreated wastewater discharge.
- River surface cleaning to remove floating debris.
- Bio-diversity conservation, afforestation, and wetland protection.
- Public participation through Ganga Gram (model villages along the river) and awareness campaigns.
Extended to cover tributaries of the Ganga, including the Yamuna and Damodar rivers.

5. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)

Launched in 2015 to ensure water security in agriculture.
Objectives:
- Har Khet Ko Pani – Ensuring irrigation for every farm.
- Per Drop More Crop – Promoting micro-irrigation (drip & sprinkler irrigation) to improve water-use efficiency.
- Watershed Development – Improving soil moisture retention and groundwater recharge.
Encourages participatory irrigation management through Water User Associations (WUAs).

6. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)

Launched in 2019 to provide tap water connections (Functional Household Tap Connection - FHTC) to all rural households by 2024.
Focuses on source sustainability, groundwater recharge, and greywater management.
Encourages community participation, local governance, and water budgeting.
Uses sensor-based real-time monitoring for efficient water supply tracking.

7. Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABHY)

A groundwater management program launched in 2020 with World Bank assistance.
Targets groundwater-stressed areas in seven states: Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
Focuses on community-driven, demand-side water management.
Encourages cropping pattern changes, rainwater harvesting, and groundwater recharge.
Strengthens data collection and monitoring of groundwater levels.

8. Catch the Rain Campaign

Launched under the National Water Mission (NWM) in 2021.
Promotes rainwater harvesting and conservation before the monsoon season.
Focus areas:
- Repairing traditional water bodies (lakes, ponds, stepwells).
- Creating new water conservation structures.
- Encouraging rooftop rainwater harvesting.
- Engaging local authorities and communities in water conservation activities.

9. River Basin Management Initiatives

Focuses on integrated river basin planning and interlinking of rivers.
Interlinking of Rivers (ILR) Project:
- Aims to transfer surplus water from water-abundant regions to drought-prone areas.
- Proposed 30 inter-basin water transfer links (14 Himalayan & 16 Peninsular).
- Major projects include Ken-Betwa River Linking, which benefits Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
Promotes scientific river basin modeling and flood management.

10. National Hydrology Project (NHP)

Strengthens water resource management through hydrological data and advanced technology.
Uses satellite-based monitoring, remote sensing, and GIS tools.
Develops a real-time hydrological database for better decision-making.
Supports flood forecasting, groundwater assessment, and drought management.

Comments

Supervised Classification

Image Classification in Remote Sensing Image classification in remote sensing involves categorizing pixels in an image into thematic classes to produce a map. This process is essential for land use and land cover mapping, environmental studies, and resource management. The two primary methods for classification are Supervised and Unsupervised Classification . Here's a breakdown of these methods and the key stages of image classification. 1. Types of Classification Supervised Classification In supervised classification, the analyst manually defines classes of interest (known as information classes ), such as "water," "urban," or "vegetation," and identifies training areas —sections of the image that are representative of these classes. Using these training areas, the algorithm learns the spectral characteristics of each class and applies them to classify the entire image. When to Use Supervised Classification: - You have prior knowledge about the c...

Hazard Mapping Spatial Planning Evacuation Planning GIS

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in disaster management by providing the tools and frameworks necessary for effective hazard mapping, spatial planning, and evacuation planning. These concepts are integral for understanding disaster risks, preparing for potential hazards, and ensuring that resources are efficiently allocated during and after a disaster. 1. Hazard Mapping: Concept: Hazard mapping involves the process of identifying, assessing, and visually representing the geographical areas that are at risk of certain natural or human-made hazards. Hazard maps display the probability, intensity, and potential impact of specific hazards (e.g., floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides) within a given area. Terminologies: Hazard Zone: An area identified as being vulnerable to a particular hazard (e.g., flood zones, seismic zones). Hazard Risk: The likelihood of a disaster occurring in a specific location, influenced by factors like geography, climate, an...

Scope of Disaster Management

Disaster management refers to the systematic approach to managing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, encompassing both natural hazards (e.g., earthquakes, floods, hurricanes) and man-made disasters (e.g., industrial accidents, terrorism, nuclear accidents). Its primary objectives are to minimize potential losses, provide timely assistance to those affected, and facilitate swift and effective recovery. The scope of disaster management is multifaceted, encompassing a series of interconnected activities: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. These activities must be strategically implemented before, during, and after a disaster. Key Concepts, Terminologies, and Examples 1. Awareness: Concept: Fostering public understanding of potential hazards and appropriate responses before, during, and after disasters. This involves disseminating information about risks, safety measures, and recommended actions. Terminologies: Hazard Awareness: Recognizing the types of natural...

Supervised Classification

In the context of Remote Sensing (RS) and Digital Image Processing (DIP) , supervised classification is the process where an analyst defines "training sites" (Areas of Interest or ROIs) representing known land cover classes (e.g., Water, Forest, Urban). The computer then uses these training samples to teach an algorithm how to classify the rest of the image pixels. The algorithms used to classify these pixels are generally divided into two broad categories: Parametric and Nonparametric decision rules. Parametric Decision Rules These algorithms assume that the pixel values in the training data follow a specific statistical distribution—almost always the Gaussian (Normal) distribution (the "Bell Curve"). Key Concept: They model the data using statistical parameters: the Mean vector ( $\mu$ ) and the Covariance matrix ( $\Sigma$ ) . Analogy: Imagine trying to fit a smooth hill over your data points. If a new point lands high up on the hill, it belongs to that cl...

Role of Geography in Disaster Management

Geography plays a pivotal role in disaster management by facilitating an understanding of the impact of natural disasters, guiding preparedness efforts, and supporting effective response and recovery. By analyzing geographical features, environmental conditions, and historical data, geography empowers disaster management professionals to identify risks, plan for hazards, respond to emergencies, assess damage, and monitor recovery. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) serve as crucial tools, providing critical spatial data for informed decision-making throughout the disaster management cycle. Key Concepts, Terminologies, and Examples 1. Identifying Risk: Concept: Risk identification involves analyzing geographical areas to understand their susceptibility to specific natural disasters. By studying historical events, topography, climate patterns, and environmental factors, disaster management experts can predict which regions are most vulnerable. Terminologies: Hazard Risk: The pr...

Vineesh V, Geography

Search This Blog