Think of your vector data (points, lines, polygons) like shapes drawn on a transparent sheet. Geoprocessing is just cutting, joining, or comparing those shapes to get new shapes or information.
1. Clipping ✂️
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Imagine you have a big map and you only want to keep a part of it (like cutting a photo into a smaller rectangle).
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You use another shape (like the boundary of a district) to "clip" and keep only what is inside.
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Result: Only the data inside the clipping shape remains.
2. Erase 🚫
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Opposite of clipping.
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You remove (erase) the area of one shape from another shape.
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Example: You have a city map and want to remove all the park areas from it.
3. Identify 🔍
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This checks which features from one layer fall inside (or touch) another layer.
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Example: Identify all the schools inside a flood zone.
4. Union 🤝
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Combines two shapes together and keeps everything from both.
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Works like stacking two transparent sheets and redrawing the combined shapes — overlapping parts and non-overlapping parts are all included.
5. Intersection 🔗
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Keeps only the overlapping area between two shapes.
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Example: If you have a wildlife habitat map and a protected forest map, the intersection will give you only the area that is both a habitat and inside the forest.
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