The Quantitative Revolution was a major transformation in geography during the 1950s and 1960s. It changed geography from a mainly descriptive study of individual regions into a scientific study based on numerical data, statistical techniques, mathematical models and hypothesis testing. Before the Quantitative Revolution, geographers mainly focused on describing the unique characteristics of different regions. This approach was associated with regional geography and the idiographic approach . During the Quantitative Revolution, geographers increasingly adopted the nomothetic approach , which aimed to identify general geographical principles, patterns and relationships. The revolution was influenced by positivism , a philosophical approach that emphasizes observable evidence, measurement and systematic testing. Geographers began to use statistical methods to explain spatial distributions, analyse geographical relationships and predict spatial proces...
Body surveillance refers to the monitoring, observing, recording and controlling of human bodies in different geographical spaces. It examines how people’s bodies are watched and how this affects their freedom, behaviour, movement and access to public spaces. In Human Geography, the body is not viewed merely as a physical object. It is also understood as a geographical space where power, gender, social inequalities and political control operate. For example, CCTV cameras in streets, facial recognition at airports, and social pressure on women about how they dress are different forms of body surveillance. Concepts 1. Body as a Geographical Space Meaning: The human body is considered the smallest geographical scale at which power and social rules operate. Simple explanation: Geography does not study only countries, cities and regions. It also s...