Great Indian Water Divide

The water divide line in India from north to south primarily involves the division between rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal and those flowing into the Arabian Sea. This divide runs along the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges, which stretch across central India.

Rivers to the north of this divide, such as the Ganga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra, and their tributaries, flow eastward into the Bay of Bengal. Meanwhile, rivers to the south of this divide, including the Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, and various smaller rivers, flow westward into the Arabian Sea.

This water divide line significantly impacts the distribution of water resources, agricultural practices, and overall hydrology in different regions of India.

1. Northern Region: In the northern part of India, the Himalayan mountain range acts as the primary water divide. This range is characterized by numerous high peaks, including Mount Everest, and serves as the source for several major rivers. The Indus River, originating in the western Himalayas, flows northwest into Pakistan. Meanwhile, the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers originate in the eastern Himalayas and flow southeast into India and Bangladesh.

2. Central Region: Moving southward, we encounter the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges. These ranges form a significant watershed divide in central India. The Vindhya Range runs east-west across central India, while the Satpura Range lies further to the south. These ranges effectively separate the northern rivers, such as the Ganga and Yamuna, from the peninsular rivers, such as the Narmada and Tapi.

3. Peninsular Region: To the south of the Vindhya and Satpura ranges lies the Deccan Plateau, which gradually slopes towards the eastern and western coasts. The rivers originating in this region generally flow in a southeasterly direction towards the Bay of Bengal or southwest towards the Arabian Sea. The Narmada and Tapi rivers, which flow westward into the Arabian Sea, are notable examples of peninsular rivers that cross this divide.

4. Southern Region: Further south, the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats form additional topographical features that influence the direction of river flow. These mountain ranges act as barriers, causing rivers to flow parallel to the coast before reaching the sea. The Western Ghats intercept rainfall from the southwest monsoon, resulting in the formation of numerous west-flowing rivers, while the Eastern Ghats have a less pronounced effect on river flow.

Overall, the water divide line from north to south in India is determined by the complex interplay of mountain ranges, plateaus, and coastal features, which ultimately dictate the drainage patterns and direction of river flow in the country.

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