Water in system of Soil, Vegetation and Atmosphere

The interaction of water within the system of soil, vegetation, and the atmosphere is a fundamental component of Earth's hydrological cycle. This cycle describes how water continuously moves and circulates through these interconnected components:

1. Soil: Soil acts as a reservoir for water. When it rains or snows, water infiltrates the soil, a process known as infiltration. Some of this water is immediately taken up by plant roots, while the rest moves deeper into the soil, becoming groundwater. Soil also stores moisture that plants can access later through their root systems.

2. Vegetation: Plants play a crucial role in this system. Through a process called transpiration, they absorb water from the soil through their roots and release it into the atmosphere as water vapor through tiny openings in their leaves called stomata. This release of water vapor is similar to the way we humans perspire to cool down. This process not only sustains plant growth but also contributes to the moisture content of the atmosphere.

3. Atmosphere: The atmosphere contains water vapor, which is the gaseous form of water. This water vapor is crucial for weather patterns and precipitation. When enough water vapor accumulates in the atmosphere and conditions are right, it can condense to form clouds. Eventually, these clouds release water droplets as precipitation, which falls back to the Earth's surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This is known as the process of condensation and precipitation.

This continuous movement of water between the soil, vegetation, and the atmosphere is essential for maintaining the Earth's ecosystems, supporting plant growth, regulating temperatures, and providing freshwater resources for human use. It's a dynamic cycle where water constantly changes state from liquid (in soil and surface water) to vapor (in the atmosphere) and back again through processes like evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation. This delicate balance is vital for the sustainability of life on Earth.

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Types of Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing means collecting information about the Earth's surface without touching it , usually using satellites, aircraft, or drones . There are different types of remote sensing based on the energy source and the wavelength region used. 🛰️ 1. Active Remote Sensing 📘 Concept: In active remote sensing , the sensor sends out its own energy (like a signal or pulse) to the Earth's surface. The sensor then records the reflected or backscattered energy that comes back from the surface. ⚙️ Key Terminology: Transmitter: sends energy (like a radar pulse or laser beam). Receiver: detects the energy that bounces back. Backscatter: energy that is reflected back to the sensor. 📊 Examples of Active Sensors: RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging): Uses microwave signals to detect surface roughness, soil moisture, or ocean waves. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Uses laser light (near-infrared) to measure elevation, vegetation...

geostationary and sun-synchronous

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India remote sensing

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Natural Disasters

A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by natural processes of the Earth that results in significant loss of life, property, and environmental resources. It occurs when a hazard (potentially damaging physical event) interacts with a vulnerable population and leads to disruption of normal life . Key terms: Hazard → A potential natural event (e.g., cyclone, earthquake). Disaster → When the hazard causes widespread damage due to vulnerability. Risk → Probability of harmful consequences from interaction of hazard and vulnerability. Vulnerability → Degree to which a community or system is exposed and unable to cope with the hazard. Resilience → Ability of a system or society to recover from the disaster impact. 👉 Example: An earthquake in an uninhabited desert is a hazard , but not a disaster unless people or infrastructure are affected. Types Natural disasters can be classified into geophysical, hydrological, meteorological, clim...

Linear Arrays Along-Track Scanners or Pushbroom Scanners

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