Skip to main content

UN and Multinational agreements for Environment Conservation

There are several multinational agreements and treaties that focus on environmental issues and seek to promote global cooperation and action. Here are some important ones:

1. Paris Agreement: The Paris Agreement is an international treaty under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It was adopted in 2015 and aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius. The agreement sets out commitments for countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to the impacts of climate change, and provide financial and technological support to developing nations.

2. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer. It was adopted in 1987 and has been ratified by nearly all countries. The agreement aims to phase out the production and use of substances that deplete the ozone layer, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). It has been successful in reducing the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances and has contributed to the healing of the ozone layer.

3. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): CITES is an international agreement that regulates the trade in endangered species. It was adopted in 1975 and currently has 183 member countries. CITES controls the international trade of certain plants and animals to ensure their survival and prevent overexploitation. It regulates the trade through a system of permits and certificates, aiming to protect species threatened by illegal wildlife trade.

4. Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal: The Basel Convention is a global treaty that addresses the control and management of hazardous wastes. It aims to minimize the generation of hazardous wastes, promote their environmentally sound management, and regulate their transboundary movement. The convention promotes the principles of environmentally sound disposal, recycling, and minimization of hazardous waste generation.

5. Ramsar Convention on Wetlands: The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. It was adopted in 1971 and has 171 member countries. The convention promotes the conservation of wetlands and their resources, recognizing their critical ecological functions and importance for biodiversity. It encourages the wise use of wetlands and designates sites of international importance as Ramsar Sites.

6. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD): The CBD is an international treaty adopted in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit. It aims to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable use of biological resources, and ensure the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. The CBD sets goals and targets for biodiversity conservation and encourages countries to develop national strategies and action plans.

These multinational agreements provide frameworks for countries to cooperate, set common goals, and take collective action to address pressing environmental issues. By promoting international collaboration, these agreements help foster global environmental stewardship and contribute to the protection and sustainable management of our planet.




Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Geology and Tectonic. Indian Shield

1. Ch (Chattisgarh Basin): Chattisgarh Basin is a geological region in central India known for its sedimentary rock formations. It's important for its mineral resources, including coal and iron ore. 2. CIS (Central Indian Shear Zone): CIS is a tectonic boundary in central India where the Indian Plate interacts with the Eurasian Plate. It's characterized by significant faulting and seismic activity. 3. GR (Godavari Rift): The Godavari Rift is a geological feature associated with the rifting and splitting of the Indian Plate. It's located in the Godavari River basin in southeastern India. 4. M (Madras Block): The Madras Block is a stable continental block in southern India. It's part of the Indian Plate and is not associated with active tectonic processes. 5. Mk (Malanjkhand): Malanjkhand is known for its copper deposits and is one of the largest copper mines in India. 6. MR (Mahanadi Rift): The Mahanadi Rift is a geological feature related to the rifting of the Indian Pl...

Solar Radiation and Remote Sensing

Satellite Remote Sensing Satellite remote sensing is the science of acquiring information about Earth's surface and atmosphere without physical contact , using sensors mounted on satellites. These sensors detect and record electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is either emitted or reflected from the Earth's surface. Solar Radiation & Earth's Energy Balance Solar Radiation is the primary source of energy for Earth's climate system. It originates from the Sun and travels through space as electromagnetic waves . Incoming Shortwave Solar Radiation (insolation) consists mostly of ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared wavelengths . When it reaches Earth, it can be: Absorbed by the atmosphere, clouds, or surface Reflected back to space Scattered by atmospheric particles Outgoing Longwave Radiation is the infrared energy emitted by Earth back into space after absorbing solar energy. This process helps maintain Earth's thermal bala...

Morpho-Tectonic Framework of India

The MorphoTectonic Framework of India refers to the combined study of the country's landforms (morphology) and its geological tectonic features. This framework provides insights into how geological forces have shaped India's topography over millions of years. Here's a breakdown of this concept: 1. Morphology: This aspect focuses on the physical features and landforms of India. It includes the study of mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, rivers, and other surface features. For example, the Himalayas, Western Ghats, IndoGangetic Plains, and Deccan Plateau are prominent morphological features of India. 2. Tectonics: Tectonics deals with the movement and deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (the outermost rigid layer of the Earth). In the case of India, it primarily involves the interactions of the Indian Plate with neighboring tectonic plates. India is situated at the convergence of several major tectonic boundaries:     Collision with the Eurasian Plate: The most sign...

Neighbourhood Operations

 Neighbourhood Operations in GIS? In GIS and raster data , neighbourhood operations look at a group of nearby pixels (not just one) to understand or change a pixel's value. Think of it like checking what's around a house before deciding what color to paint it! Why "Neighbourhood"? Each pixel has " neighbours " (just like how your house has nearby houses). Neighbourhood operations check these nearby pixels and do some calculation to get a new value. 1. Aggregations (Summarizing Nearby Values) Aggregation means combining values of several pixels into one. We do this to: Find the average of surrounding pixels Find the minimum or maximum value Smooth the map (make it less rough) 🧒🏻 Example: Imagine checking the test scores of 9 students sitting around you and finding the average score . That's aggregation!  2. Filtering Techniques Filtering is used to improve or highlight features in a raster image, just like f...

India – Geographic Location – Spatial Significance

India's geographic location holds immense spatial significance due to its position on the world map. Here's an explanation of India's geographic location and its spatial significance: Geographic Location: India is a vast South Asian country located on the Indian subcontinent. Its geographic coordinates are approximately between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitude and 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitude. It is surrounded by several important bodies of water: - To the west, it has a coastline along the Arabian Sea. - To the east, it is bordered by the Bay of Bengal. - To the south, it faces the Indian Ocean. - To the north, India shares its land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Spatial Significance: 1. Strategic Location: India's location places it at the crossroads of South Asia and the Indian Ocean region. This strategic position has made it historically important for trade, diplomacy, and geopolitics. 2. Trade and Commerce: India...