GIS architecture encompasses the overall design and organization of a Geographic Information System (GIS).
The components of GIS architecture include hardware, software, data, people, and methods.
The architecture determines how these components interact and work together to create an efficient GIS system.
There are two main types of GIS architecture: client-server and web-based architecture.
In client-server architecture, GIS software runs on a server and is accessed by users through client computers.
The server is responsible for data storage, processing, and analysis, while the client is responsible for data visualization and user interaction.
Multiple users can work on the same dataset simultaneously, making it ideal for collaborative work.
In web-based architecture, the GIS software is accessed through a web browser, eliminating the need to install software on local machines.
The GIS data and software are stored on a server and accessed through a web interface, making it ideal for remote work and data sharing.
The hardware component of GIS architecture includes computer systems, storage devices, and input/output devices required to run and manage the GIS system.
The GIS software is the core component of the GIS architecture that enables users to capture, manage, analyze, and visualize geographic data.
The data component of GIS architecture includes various types of spatial and non-spatial data required to create and analyze maps.
The people component of GIS architecture includes GIS professionals, stakeholders, and end-users who use and maintain the GIS system.
The methods component of GIS architecture refers to the various techniques, procedures, and tools used to create, manipulate, analyze, and visualize geographic data.
The GIS architecture provides a framework for integrating the hardware, software, data, people, and methods to create a functional and efficient GIS system that meets the needs of the stakeholders.
Time Period Event / Process Geological Evidence Key Terms & Concepts Late Precambrian – Palaeozoic (>541 Ma – ~250 Ma) India part of Gondwana , north bordered by Cimmerian Superterranes, separated from Eurasia by Paleo-Tethys Ocean . Pan-African granitic intrusions (~500 Ma), unconformity between Ordovician conglomerates & Cambrian sediments. Gondwana, Paleo-Tethys Ocean, Pan-African orogeny, unconformity, granitic intrusions, Cimmerian Superterranes. Early Carboniferous – Early Permian (~359 – 272 Ma) Rifting between India & Cimmerian Superterranes → Neotethys Ocean formation. Rift-related sediments, passive margin sequences. Rifting, Neotethys Ocean, passive continental margin. Norian (210 Ma) – Callovian (160–155 Ma) Gondwana split into East & West; India part of East Gondwana with Australia & Antarctica. Rift basins, oceanic crust formation. Continental breakup, East Gondwana, West Gondwana, oceanic crust. Early Cretaceous (130–125 Ma) India broke fr...
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