The University of Oregon is pleased to announce that we are offering full research and teaching fellowships for new students admitted to our PhD in Planning and Public Affairs.

The University of Oregon is pleased to announce that we are offering full research and teaching fellowships for new students admitted to our PhD in Planning and Public Affairs. Students pursuing the PhD enroll in one of three disciplinary tracks:

Community and Regional Planning

Public Administration / Public Policy

Nonprofit Management

We are admitting a small cohort for Fall 2021 in one or more of the following research areas:

Sustainable Transportation and Cities Research Group (led by Dr. Marc Schlossberg)

Access and Equity Research Group (led by Dr. Gerardo Sandoval)

Nonprofit, Philanthropic and Social Enterprise Research Group (led by Dr. Renee Irvin)

We expect to admit two to three students, who will be fully supported through research and/or teaching fellowships. This support includes fully paid tuition, health insurance, and a monthly stipend. You can find more detailed information about this program in the attached flyer. Prospective students can also learn more about the program at: https://pppm.uoregon.edu/grad/phd

The application process for the PhD program is online. See more information about our program and faculty on our web page. If you have questions please contact:

Bob Choquette, Graduate Program Coordinator: choquett@uoregon.edu 541-346-3851

Rich Margerum, PhD Program Director: rdm@uoregon.edu 541-346-2526

Vineesh V
Assistant Professor of Geography,
Directorate of Education,
Government of Kerala.
https://www.facebook.com/Applied.Geography
http://geogisgeo.blogspot.com

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Accuracy Assessment

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Change Detection

Change detection is the process of finding differences on the Earth's surface over time by comparing satellite images of the same area taken on different dates . After supervised classification , two classified maps (e.g., Year-1 and Year-2) are compared to identify land use / land cover changes . Goal To detect where , what , and how much change has occurred To monitor urban growth, deforestation, floods, agriculture, etc. Basic Concept Forest → Forest = No change Forest → Urban = Change detected Key Terminologies Multi-temporal images : Images of the same area at different times Post-classification comparison : Comparing two classified maps Change matrix : Table showing class-to-class change Change / No-change : Whether land cover remains same or different Main Methods Post-classification comparison – Most common and easy Image differencing – Subtract pixel values Image ratioing – Divide pixel values Deep learning methods – Advanced AI-based detection Examples Agricult...

Geographic phenomena fields objects boundaries.

In geography, geographic phenomena refer to features or processes that can be observed and studied on Earth's surface. These phenomena can be classified into three main categories: fields , objects , and boundaries . Each category has distinct characteristics, representations, and applications in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 1. Fields A field represents continuous, spatially varying data where a value is present at every location within the study area. It describes conditions that exist across a geographic area. Characteristics : Continuity : Fields have no discrete boundaries; the data is continuous. Gradual Variability : The values of a field change gradually across space. Representation : Typically modeled using raster data in GIS, where a grid structure assigns a value (e.g., temperature or elevation) to each cell. Examples : Temperature Map : Shows temperature variation across a region. Rainfall Distribution : Displays rainfall levels over a large g...

Development and scope of Environmental Geography and Recent concepts in environmental Geography

Environmental Geography studies the relationship between humans and nature in a spatial (place-based) way. It combines Physical Geography (natural processes) and Human Geography (human activities). A. Early Stage 🔹 Environmental Determinism Concept: Nature controls human life. Meaning: Climate, landforms, and soil decide how people live. Example: People in deserts (like Sahara Desert) live differently from people in fertile river valleys. 🔹 Possibilism Concept: Humans can modify nature. Meaning: Environment gives options, but humans make choices. Example: In dry areas like Rajasthan, people use irrigation to grow crops. 👉 In this stage, geography was mostly descriptive (explaining what exists). B. Evolution Stage (Mid-20th Century) Environmental problems increased due to: Industrialization Urbanization Deforestation Pollution Geographers started studying: Environmental degradation Resource management Human impact on ecosystems The field became analytical and problem-solving...

Landsat 8 Band designation and Band Combination.

Landsat 8 Band designation and Band Combination. Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) Bands Wavelength (micrometers) Resolution (meters) Band 1 - Coastal aerosol 0.43-0.45 30 Band 2 - Blue 0.45-0.51 30 Band 3 - Green 0.53-0.59 30 Band 4 - Red 0.64-0.67 30 Band 5 - Near Infrared (NIR) 0.85-0.88 30 Band 6 - SWIR 1 1.57-1.65 30 Band 7 - SWIR 2 2.11-2.29 30 Band 8 - Panchromatic 0.50-0.68 15 Band 9 - Cirrus 1.36-1.38 30 Band 10 - Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 1 10.6-11.19 100 Band 11 - Thermal Infrared (TIRS) 2 11.50-12.51 100 Vineesh V Assistant Professor of Geography, Directorate of Education, Government of Kerala. https://www.facebook.com/Applied.Geography http://geogisgeo.blogspot.com

Vineesh V, Geography

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