Radiation law

Remote sensing, four basic radiation laws help us understand how objects give off and interact with energy (electromagnetic radiation). These laws link an object's temperature, wavelength, and the amount of energy it gives off:

1. Planck's Law

Every object that has a temperature (above absolute zero) gives off energy at all wavelengths. But how much it gives off at each wavelength depends on its temperature. This law explains the full energy pattern (spectrum) of a hot object.

2. Stefan-Boltzmann Law

Hotter objects give off more total energy. The energy released increases quickly as temperature rises — to the fourth power of the temperature.

3. Wien's Displacement Law

Hotter objects give off energy at shorter wavelengths (like blue light), while cooler objects emit at longer wavelengths (like red or infrared). So, the color (or wavelength) of maximum emission shifts based on temperature.

4. Kirchhoff's Law

If an object absorbs energy well at a certain wavelength, it also emits energy well at that same wavelength. In short, good absorbers are also good emitters.

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Vineesh V, Geography

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