Skip to main content

Satalite



Landsat → Land resources
SPOT → High-resolution mapping
IRS → Indian natural-resource mapping
ASTER → Geology + thermal + DEM
QuickBird → Very high spatial resolution
MODIS → Daily global monitoring
GOES → Weather monitoring
AVHRR → Weather + vegetation + ocean
AVIRIS → Hyperspectral imaging


Highest spectral resolution: AVIRIS (224 narrow bands)

Highest spatial resolution in this list: QuickBird (~0.61 m PAN)

Highest temporal frequency: GOES (minutes)

Best broad global monitoring: MODIS

Indian sensors: IRS-LISS III and LISS IV

Hyperspectral: AVIRIS

Thermal + multispectral + DEM: ASTER


abbreviations

  • MSS – Multispectral Scanner System
  • TM – Thematic Mapper
  • ETM+ – Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus
  • GOES – Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
  • AVHRR – Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
  • HRV – High Resolution Visible
  • HRVIR – High Resolution Visible and Infrared
  • HRG – High Resolution Geometric
  • IRS – Indian Remote Sensing
  • LISS – Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor
  • ASTER – Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
  • AVIRIS – Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer
  • MODIS – Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
  • PAN – Panchromatic
  • MS – Multispectral
  • TIR – Thermal Infrared
  • VNIR – Visible and Near Infrared
  • SWIR – Short-Wave Infrared

AVIRIS is an airborne sensor, not a satellite. GOES is a satellite series, while AVHRR is a sensor carried on NOAA satellites. Resolution can vary slightly by satellite generation and acquisition mode.


Satellite / Sensor Full form / abbreviation Launch year Operating agency / Country Spatial resolution Spectral resolution Radiometric resolution Temporal resolution Main purpose
Landsat-1 MSS Multispectral Scanner System 1972 NASA/USGS, USA 80 m 4 bands, 0.5–1.1 µm 6-bit 18 days
Land resources, vegetation, agriculture
Landsat TM Thematic Mapper 1982 NASA/USGS, USA 30 m MS; 120 m TIR 7 bands, 0.45–12.5 µm 8-bit 16 days
LULC, vegetation, geology, water
Landsat ETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus 1999 NASA/USGS, USA 30 m MS; 15 m PAN; 60 m TIR 8 bands, 0.45–12.5 µm 8-bit 16 days
Detailed land mapping, change detection
GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 1975 NOAA, USA ~0.5–2 km* Multispectral; modern ABI: 16 bands 12–14 bit* Minutes
Weather forecasting, storms, clouds
NOAA-AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 1978 (first NOAA satellite carrying it) NOAA, USA 1.1 km 5 bands, visible–thermal IR 10-bit ~1–2 observations/day
Weather, vegetation, SST, clouds
SPOT-1 HRV Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre – High Resolution Visible 1986 CNES, France 20 m MS; 10 m PAN 3 MS bands 8-bit 26 days
Land cover, agriculture, mapping
SPOT-2 HRV High Resolution Visible 1990 CNES, France 20 m MS; 10 m PAN 3 MS bands 8-bit 26 days
Land-use/land-cover mapping
SPOT-3 HRV High Resolution Visible 1993 CNES, France 20 m MS; 10 m PAN 3 MS bands 8-bit 26 days
Agriculture, forestry, mapping
SPOT-4 HRVIR High Resolution Visible and Infrared 1998 CNES, France 20 m MS; 10 m PAN 4 MS bands 8-bit 26 days
Vegetation, agriculture, natural resources
SPOT-5 HRG High Resolution Geometric 2002 CNES, France 10 m MS; 2.5–5 m PAN 4 MS bands 8-bit ~26 days
High-resolution mapping, urban/LULC
IRS-LISS III Indian Remote Sensing – Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor III 1995 (IRS-1C) ISRO, India 23.5 m; SWIR 70 m 4 bands 7-bit 24 days
Agriculture, vegetation, LULC
IRS-LISS IV Linear Imaging Self-Scanning Sensor IV 2003 (Resourcesat-1) ISRO, India 5.8 m 3 bands, visible–NIR 10-bit* ~5 days with steering
Detailed LULC, urban and agricultural mapping
ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer 1999 NASA/METI, USA/Japan 15 m VNIR; 30 m SWIR; 90 m TIR 14 bands, 0.52–11.65 µm 8-bit VNIR/SWIR; 12-bit TIR ~16 days
Geology, minerals, vegetation, temperature, DEM
QuickBird QuickBird Earth-observation satellite 2001 DigitalGlobe/Maxar, USA 0.61 m PAN; 2.44 m MS 4 MS bands 11-bit ~1–3.5 days
Very-high-resolution urban, agriculture, disaster mapping
AVIRIS Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 1987 NASA/JPL, USA ~20 m typical 224 bands, 0.38–2.51 µm 12-bit Flight dependent
Hyperspectral vegetation, minerals, water, environment
MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 1999 (Terra); 2002 (Aqua) NASA, USA 250 m, 500 m, 1 km 36 bands, 0.405–14.4 µm 12-bit 1–2 days
Global vegetation, ocean, atmosphere, fires, climate
Uploaded Image

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Regional Geography, Systematic Geography, Idiographic, Nomothetic, Inductive and Deductive Approaches

T wo major ways of studying Geography : the Regional Approach and the Systematic Approach . It also explains the related ideas of idiographic vs. nomothetic and inductive vs. deductive reasoning , especially in the context of the Hartshorne–Schaefer debate . 1. Regional Geography: “All About One” Regional Geography studies one particular region in detail . A region is an area that has some degree of homogeneity (sameness) within its boundary but is also unique or different from other regions . For example, if we study Palakkad District , we may study: Relief and drainage Climate Soil Vegetation Agriculture Population Occupation Economy Culture Political characteristics The purpose is to understand the complete geographical personality of Palakkad and the relationships among its different features. Key concepts Region: A geographical area with identifiable characteristics and boundaries. Homogeneity: Si...
Post a Comment
Read more

Kuhn’s Paradigms

The given content explains Thomas S. Kuhn’s model of scientific development , its application to geography, and criticisms by Karl Popper, Paul Feyerabend, Michel Foucault , and others. 1. Basic Idea Kuhn argued that science does not develop continuously in a straight line . Instead, scientific development occurs through: Preparadigm → Paradigm → Normal Science → Crisis → Scientific Revolution → New Paradigm A new paradigm may replace an older one, producing a major change in the way scientists understand and study a subject. Concepts and Terminologies Concept / Term Simple Meaning Paradigm A commonly accepted framework/model that guides scientific research Exemplar A successful concrete problem-solution used as a model for future research Disciplinary Matrix Shared beliefs, values, concepts, methods and techniques of a scientific community Preparadig...
Post a Comment
Read more

Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imaging Systems

The main idea is how a remote-sensing sensor collects information about an area . A sensor does not simply take an ordinary photograph. It measures the electromagnetic energy reflected or emitted by objects in different wavelength bands . Depending on how many bands are measured and how the sensor collects them, different imaging systems are used. 1. Multispectral vs. Hyperspectral Multispectral imaging (MSI) records information in a limited number of relatively broad, separate spectral bands , such as blue, green, red, near-infrared and shortwave infrared. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) records information in many narrow and usually contiguous spectral bands . Therefore, it provides a much more detailed spectral signature of each pixel. The resulting dataset is commonly called a hyperspectral data cube (hypercube) because it contains: X-axis → spatial information Y-axis → spatial information Z-axis → wavelength/spectral information Thus, hype...
Post a Comment
Read more

Discrete Detectors and Scanning mirrors Across the track scanner Whisk broom scanner.

Multispectral Imaging Using Discrete Detectors and Scanning Mirrors (Across-Track Scanner or Whisk Broom Scanner) Multispectral Imaging:  This technique involves capturing images of the Earth's surface using multiple sensors that are sensitive to different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation.  This allows for the identification of various features and materials based on their spectral signatures. Discrete Detectors:  These are individual sensors that are arranged in a linear or array configuration.  Each detector is responsible for measuring the radiation within a specific wavelength band. Scanning Mirrors:  These are optical components that are used to deflect the incoming radiation onto the discrete detectors.  By moving the mirrors,  the sensor can scan across the scene,  capturing data from different points. Across-Track Scanner or Whisk Broom Scanner:  This refers to the scanning mechanism where the mirror moves perpendicular to the direction of flight.  This allows for t...
Post a Comment
Read more