Skip to main content

Water conflicts. States

1. Cauvery River Dispute:

   - Reason: Allocation of Cauvery River water for agricultural irrigation, particularly between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

   - Origin: Western Ghats in Karnataka. Flows through Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Puducherry.


2. Krishna River Dispute:

   - Reason: Disagreements over the sharing of Krishna River water for irrigation, power generation, and other uses among Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.

   - Origin: Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra. Flows through Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.


3. Godavari River Dispute:

   - Reason: Contention over the utilization and distribution of Godavari River water for various purposes, including agriculture and industry.

   - Origin: Trimbak in Maharashtra. Flows through Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.


4. Yamuna River Dispute:

   - Reason: Allocation of Yamuna River water for drinking, irrigation, and other needs, with conflicts arising between Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh.

   - Origin: Yamunotri in Uttarakhand. Flows through Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh.


5. Narmada River Dispute:

   - Reason: Disputes over the construction and utilization of dams on the Narmada River, impacting the water distribution among Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan.

   - Origin: Amarkantak in Madhya Pradesh. Flows through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.


6. Ravi and Beas River Dispute:

   - Reason: Allocation of Ravi and Beas River waters for irrigation, especially between Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh.

   - Origin (Ravi): Kailash Range in Tibet. Flows through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.

   - Origin (Beas): Beas Kund in Himachal Pradesh. Flows through Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.


7. Tungabhadra River Dispute:

   - Reason: Conflicts over the sharing of Tungabhadra River water for agricultural irrigation, particularly between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

   - Origin: Western Ghats in Karnataka. Flows through Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.



Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Types of Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing means collecting information about the Earth's surface without touching it , usually using satellites, aircraft, or drones . There are different types of remote sensing based on the energy source and the wavelength region used. 🛰️ 1. Active Remote Sensing 📘 Concept: In active remote sensing , the sensor sends out its own energy (like a signal or pulse) to the Earth's surface. The sensor then records the reflected or backscattered energy that comes back from the surface. ⚙️ Key Terminology: Transmitter: sends energy (like a radar pulse or laser beam). Receiver: detects the energy that bounces back. Backscatter: energy that is reflected back to the sensor. 📊 Examples of Active Sensors: RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging): Uses microwave signals to detect surface roughness, soil moisture, or ocean waves. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Uses laser light (near-infrared) to measure elevation, vegetation...

geostationary and sun-synchronous

Orbital characteristics of Remote sensing satellite geostationary and sun-synchronous  Orbits in Remote Sensing Orbit = the path a satellite follows around the Earth. The orbit determines what part of Earth the satellite can see , how often it revisits , and what applications it is good for . Remote sensing satellites mainly use two standard orbits : Geostationary Orbit (GEO) Sun-Synchronous Orbit (SSO)  Geostationary Satellites (GEO) Characteristics Altitude : ~35,786 km above the equator. Period : 24 hours → same as Earth's rotation. Orbit type : Circular, directly above the equator . Appears "stationary" over one fixed point on Earth. Concepts & Terminologies Geosynchronous = orbit period matches Earth's rotation (24h). Geostationary = special type of geosynchronous orbit directly above equator → looks fixed. Continuous coverage : Can monitor the same area all the time. Applications Weather...

India remote sensing

1. Foundational Phase (Early 1970s – Early 1980s) Objective: To explore the potential of space-based observation for national development. 1972: The Space Applications Programme (SAP) was initiated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), focusing on applying space technology for societal benefits. 1975: The Department of Space (DoS) was established, providing an institutional base for space applications, including remote sensing. 1977: India began aerial and balloon-borne experiments to study Earth resources and assess how remote sensing data could aid in agriculture, forestry, and hydrology. 1978 (June 7): Bhaskara-I launched by the Soviet Union — India's first experimental Earth Observation satellite . Payloads: TV cameras (for land and ocean surface observation) and a Microwave Radiometer. Significance: Proved that satellite-based Earth observation was feasible for India's needs. 1981 (November 20): Bhaskara-II launche...

Natural Disasters

A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by natural processes of the Earth that results in significant loss of life, property, and environmental resources. It occurs when a hazard (potentially damaging physical event) interacts with a vulnerable population and leads to disruption of normal life . Key terms: Hazard → A potential natural event (e.g., cyclone, earthquake). Disaster → When the hazard causes widespread damage due to vulnerability. Risk → Probability of harmful consequences from interaction of hazard and vulnerability. Vulnerability → Degree to which a community or system is exposed and unable to cope with the hazard. Resilience → Ability of a system or society to recover from the disaster impact. 👉 Example: An earthquake in an uninhabited desert is a hazard , but not a disaster unless people or infrastructure are affected. Types Natural disasters can be classified into geophysical, hydrological, meteorological, clim...

Man-Made Disasters

  A man-made disaster (also called a technological disaster or anthropogenic disaster ) is a catastrophic event caused directly or indirectly by human actions , rather than natural processes. These disasters arise due to negligence, error, industrial activity, conflict, or misuse of technology , and often result in loss of life, property damage, and environmental degradation . Terminology: Anthropogenic = originating from human activity. Technological hazard = hazard caused by failure or misuse of technology or industry. 🔹 Conceptual Understanding Man-made disasters are part of the Disaster Management Cycle , which includes: Prevention – avoiding unsafe practices. Mitigation – reducing disaster impact (e.g., safety regulations). Preparedness – training and planning. Response – emergency actions after the disaster. Recovery – long-term rebuilding and policy correction. These disasters are predictable and preventable through strong...