Landsat band composition

Short-Wave Infrared (7, 6 4)

The short-wave infrared band combination uses SWIR-2 (7), SWIR-1 (6), and red (4). This composite displays vegetation in shades of green. While darker shades of green indicate denser vegetation, sparse vegetation has lighter shades. Urban areas are blue and soils have various shades of brown.

Agriculture (6, 5, 2)

This band combination uses SWIR-1 (6), near-infrared (5), and blue (2). It's commonly used for crop monitoring because of the use of short-wave and near-infrared. Healthy vegetation appears dark green. But bare earth has a magenta hue.

Geology (7, 6, 2)

The geology band combination uses SWIR-2 (7), SWIR-1 (6), and blue (2). This band combination is particularly useful for identifying geological formations, lithology features, and faults.

Bathymetric (4, 3, 1)

The bathymetric band combination (4,3,1) uses the red (4), green (3), and coastal bands to peak into water. The coastal band is useful in coastal, bathymetric, and aerosol studies because it reflects blues and violets. This band combination is good for estimating suspended sediment in the water.

Natural Color (4, 3, 2)

The natural color composite uses a band combination of red (4), green (3), and blue (2). It replicates close to what our human eyes can see. While healthy vegetation is green, unhealthy flora is brown. Urban features appear white and grey and water is dark blue or black.

Color Infrared (5, 4, 3)

This band combination is also called the near-infrared (NIR) composite. It uses near-infrared (5), red (4), and green (3). Because chlorophyll reflects near-infrared light, this band composition is useful for analyzing vegetation. In particular, areas in red have better vegetation health. Dark areas are water and urban areas are white.

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Geography of Landslides. Mitigation and Resilience.

A landslide is a geological event in which a mass of rock, earth, or debris moves down a slope under the force of gravity. Landslides can range in size from small to large and can be triggered by natural events such as heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or volcanic activity, or by human activities such as construction or mining. The geography of landslides is affected by a variety of factors that can increase the likelihood of landslides occurring in a particular area. These factors include slope angle and steepness, the type of soil and rock present, the climate and weather patterns of the region, the presence or absence of vegetation, and human activities such as construction, mining, and deforestation. Areas with steep slopes are more prone to landslides because gravity has a stronger effect on loose soil and rock, making it more likely to move downhill. Similarly, areas with loose, sandy soil or weak, fractured rock are more prone to landslides because they are less stable and more easil...

Landslides. USGS

Landslides. TYPES OF LANDSLIDES The term "landslide" describes a wide variety of processes that result in the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials including rock, soil, artificial fill, or a combination of these. The materials may move by falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, or flowing. The animated GIF shows a graphic illustration of different types of landslides, with the commonly accepted terminology describing their features. The various types of landslides can be differentiated by the kinds of material involved and the mode of movement.

Geography of Flood. Types. Charector.

The geography of floods refers to the characteristics and patterns of floods in different geographic regions. Floods can occur in various landscapes, such as mountains, plains, coastal areas, and urban environments. The geography of a region plays a significant role in determining the frequency, magnitude, and impacts of floods. Some of the factors that influence the geography of floods include: Topography: The shape and elevation of the land can affect the flow and accumulation of water during a flood. For example, flat terrain can lead to slow-moving and widespread flooding, while steep slopes can result in flash floods and landslides. Climate: Regions with high rainfall or snowmelt can experience more frequent and intense floods, while dry regions may experience flash floods due to sudden, heavy rainfall. Hydrology: The characteristics of a river basin, such as its size, shape, and water flow, can influence the severity of a flood. For example, large river basins with extensive floo...

Flood prone regions India

Floods are natural disasters characterized by the overflow of water onto normally dry land. Various factors contribute to floods, including intense rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges from coastal storms, and the failure of dams or levees. The geographical explanation involves understanding the key components of flood-prone regions: 1. Proximity to Water Bodies: Flood-prone regions are often situated near rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. These locations are more susceptible to flooding as they are in close proximity to large water sources that can overflow during heavy precipitation or storms. 2. Topography: Low-lying areas with gentle slopes are prone to flooding. Water naturally flows to lower elevations, and flat terrains allow water to accumulate easily. Valleys and floodplains are common flood-prone areas due to their topographical characteristics. 3. Rainfall Patterns: Regions with high and concentrated rainfall are more likely to experience flooding. Intense and prol...

Volcano

Large magma chamber Bedrock Conduit (pipe) Base Sill Dike Layers of ash emitted by the volcano Flank Layers of lava emitted by the volcano Throat Parasitic cone Lava flow Vent Crater Ash cloud

Vineesh V, Geography

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