Skip to main content

SAR Satalites

1. Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B (Sentinel-1): Part of the European Space Agency's Copernicus program, the Sentinel-1 mission consists of a pair of SAR satellites (Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B) that provide continuous all-weather, day-and-night radar imaging.

2. TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X: These are German radar satellites operated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in partnership with Airbus Defence and Space. TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X work together to create high-resolution SAR images and generate precise digital elevation models of the Earth's surface.

3. RADARSAT-2: A Canadian SAR satellite operated by the Canadian Space Agency. It provides radar imagery for various applications, including environmental monitoring, disaster management, and maritime surveillance.

4. Cosmo-Skymed: An Italian constellation of SAR satellites designed for dual-use applications, including civil and military uses. It consists of four satellites: Cosmo-Skymed 1, 2, 3, and 4.

5. ALOS-2 (Advanced Land Observing Satellite 2): A Japanese SAR satellite operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). ALOS-2 is used for various applications, including disaster monitoring, forestry, and agriculture.

6. RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM): A Canadian SAR satellite mission consisting of three identical satellites: RADARSAT-2, RCM-1, and RCM-2. RCM provides frequent radar imaging of Canada and other regions.

7. ICEYE: A private Finnish company operating a constellation of SAR microsatellites. ICEYE's small SAR satellites are known for their agility and ability to provide rapid revisit times.

8. COSMIC-2 (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2): While primarily a mission for atmospheric and ionospheric studies, COSMIC-2 includes a GNSS-RO (Global Navigation Satellite System Radio Occultation) payload, which can be used for SAR processing to obtain information about surface properties.





Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Platforms in Remote Sensing

In remote sensing, a platform is the physical structure or vehicle that carries a sensor (camera, scanner, radar, etc.) to observe and collect information about the Earth's surface. Platforms are classified mainly by their altitude and mobility : Ground-Based Platforms Definition : Sensors mounted on the Earth's surface or very close to it. Examples : Tripods, towers, ground vehicles, handheld instruments. Applications : Calibration and validation of satellite data Detailed local studies (e.g., soil properties, vegetation health, air quality) Strength : High spatial detail but limited coverage. Airborne Platforms Definition : Sensors carried by aircraft, balloons, or drones (UAVs). Altitude : A few hundred meters to ~20 km. Examples : Airplanes with multispectral scanners UAVs with high-resolution cameras or LiDAR High-altitude balloons (stratospheric platforms) Applications : Local-to-regional mapping ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Types of Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing means collecting information about the Earth's surface without touching it , usually using satellites, aircraft, or drones . There are different types of remote sensing based on the energy source and the wavelength region used. 🛰️ 1. Active Remote Sensing 📘 Concept: In active remote sensing , the sensor sends out its own energy (like a signal or pulse) to the Earth's surface. The sensor then records the reflected or backscattered energy that comes back from the surface. ⚙️ Key Terminology: Transmitter: sends energy (like a radar pulse or laser beam). Receiver: detects the energy that bounces back. Backscatter: energy that is reflected back to the sensor. 📊 Examples of Active Sensors: RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging): Uses microwave signals to detect surface roughness, soil moisture, or ocean waves. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Uses laser light (near-infrared) to measure elevation, vegetation...
Post a Comment
Read more

Model GIS object attribute entity

These concepts explain different ways of organizing, storing, and representing geographic information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) . They include database design models (ER model), data structure models (Object and Attribute models), and spatio-temporal representations that integrate location, entities, and time . Together, they help GIS manage both spatial data (where things are) and descriptive information (what they are and how they change over time) . 1. Object-Based Model (Object-Oriented Data Model) The Object-Based Model treats geographic features as independent objects that combine spatial geometry and descriptive attributes within a single structure. Core Concept: Each geographic feature (such as a building, road, or river ) is represented as a self-contained object that stores both: Geometry – location and shape (point, line, polygon) Attributes – descriptive properties (name, type, length, capacity) Unlike older georelational models , which stored spatial ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Resolution of Sensors in Remote Sensing

Spatial Resolution 🗺️ Definition : The smallest size of an object on the ground that a sensor can detect. Measured as : The size of a pixel on the ground (in meters). Example : Landsat → 30 m (each pixel = 30 × 30 m on Earth). WorldView-3 → 0.31 m (very detailed, you can see cars). Fact : Higher spatial resolution = finer details, but smaller coverage. Spectral Resolution 🌈 Definition : The ability of a sensor to capture information in different parts (bands) of the electromagnetic spectrum . Measured as : The number and width of spectral bands. Types : Panchromatic (1 broad band, e.g., black & white image). Multispectral (several broad bands, e.g., Landsat with 7–13 bands). Hyperspectral (hundreds of very narrow bands, e.g., AVIRIS). Fact : Higher spectral resolution = better identification of materials (e.g., minerals, vegetation types). Radiometric Resolution 📊 Definition : The ability of a sensor to ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Energy Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Surface

In Remote Sensing , satellites record electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is reflected or emitted from the Earth. Before reaching the sensor, radiation interacts with: The Atmosphere The Earth's Surface These interactions control how satellite images look and how we interpret them. I. Interaction of EMR with the Atmosphere When solar radiation travels from the Sun to the Earth, four main processes occur: 1. Absorption Definition: Absorption occurs when atmospheric gases absorb radiation at specific wavelengths and convert it into heat. Main absorbing gases: Ozone (O₃) → absorbs Ultraviolet (UV) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) → absorbs Thermal Infrared Water vapour (H₂O) → absorbs Infrared Concept: Atmospheric Windows These are wavelength regions where absorption is very low, allowing radiation to pass through the atmosphere. Remote sensing depends on these windows. For example, satellites like Landsat 8 use visible, near-infrared, and thermal bands located in atmospheric windows. 2. Trans...
Post a Comment
Read more