Vineesh V, Geography

The Indian Platform, also known as the Indian Shield or the Peninsular Shield, is a stable geological region that forms the core of the Indian subcontinent. It has a complex geological history that spans billions of years. Here's an overview of the evolution of the Indian Platform: 1. Archean Eon (4 billion to 2.5 billion years ago):     The earliest geological history of the Indian Platform dates back to the Archean Eon, during which some of the oldest rocks on Earth were formed.     The Dharwar Craton, located in the southern part of the Indian Platform, is one of the prime examples of Archeanage geological formations in India. 2. Proterozoic Eon (2.5 billion to 541 million years ago):     During the Proterozoic Eon, the Indian Platform witnessed significant geological events.     Sedimentary basins formed, leading to the accumulation of thick sequences of sedimentary rocks.     The Vindhyan Supergroup, a prominent sedimentary rock formation, was deposited during this time. 3. Ro...

The MorphoTectonic Framework of India refers to the combined study of the country's landforms (morphology) and its geological tectonic features. This framework provides insights into how geological forces have shaped India's topography over millions of years. Here's a breakdown of this concept: 1. Morphology: This aspect focuses on the physical features and landforms of India. It includes the study of mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, rivers, and other surface features. For example, the Himalayas, Western Ghats, IndoGangetic Plains, and Deccan Plateau are prominent morphological features of India. 2. Tectonics: Tectonics deals with the movement and deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (the outermost rigid layer of the Earth). In the case of India, it primarily involves the interactions of the Indian Plate with neighboring tectonic plates. India is situated at the convergence of several major tectonic boundaries:     Collision with the Eurasian Plate: The most sign...

IRS, Resourcesat, and LISS are terms related to India's Earth observation satellite program.  The Linear Imaging SelfScanning Sensor (LISS) is a type of remote sensing sensor technology used on various Earth observation satellites, particularly in India's Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite program. Here's an explanation of LISS: 1. Imaging Technology: LISS is designed to capture highresolution imagery of the Earth's surface. It operates by scanning the terrain below and capturing data in the form of digital images. 2. SelfScanning: The term "SelfScanning" in LISS refers to its ability to scan the Earth's surface automatically without the need for any external mechanical scanning mechanisms. This makes LISS sensors more reliable and less prone to mechanical failures. 3. Linear Array: LISS sensors typically use a linear array of detectors, also known as a pushbroom scanner. This array consists of multiple lightsensitive detectors aligned in a row, allowin...

QuickBird was a high-resolution commercial Earth observation satellite operated by DigitalGlobe, a company specializing in satellite imagery and geospatial information services. Here's an explanation of QuickBird and its significance: 1. High-Resolution Imaging: QuickBird was known for its ability to capture very high-resolution images of the Earth's surface. It had a maximum ground resolution of approximately 60 centimeters, which means it could discern objects on the ground as small as 60 centimeters in size. 2. Imaging Spectrometer: QuickBird was equipped with a multispectral imaging spectrometer, which allowed it to capture images in multiple spectral bands. This capability made it valuable for various applications, including agriculture, urban planning, environmental monitoring, and defense. 3. Commercial Use: Unlike many Earth observation satellites that are government-owned or operated for scientific research, QuickBird was a commercial satellite. DigitalGlobe provided i...

The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and GDEM (Global Digital Elevation Model) are related in the context of Earth observation and geographical data. Here's an explanation of both: 1. ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer):     ASTER is a remote sensing instrument primarily onboard NASA's Terra satellite.     It's designed to capture detailed data about the Earth's surface and atmosphere in multiple spectral bands, including visible and nearinfrared, as well as thermal infrared.     ASTER provides highresolution imagery and is used for a wide range of applications, such as land cover mapping, environmental monitoring, and geological studies.     It's capable of capturing both daytime and nighttime data, making it valuable for various scientific and practical purposes. 2. GDEM (Global Digital Elevation Model):     GDEM refers to a digital representation of the Earth's surface topography, specif...

India's geographic location holds immense spatial significance due to its position on the world map. Here's an explanation of India's geographic location and its spatial significance: Geographic Location: India is a vast South Asian country located on the Indian subcontinent. Its geographic coordinates are approximately between 8°4'N and 37°6'N latitude and 68°7'E and 97°25'E longitude. It is surrounded by several important bodies of water: - To the west, it has a coastline along the Arabian Sea. - To the east, it is bordered by the Bay of Bengal. - To the south, it faces the Indian Ocean. - To the north, India shares its land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. Spatial Significance: 1. Strategic Location: India's location places it at the crossroads of South Asia and the Indian Ocean region. This strategic position has made it historically important for trade, diplomacy, and geopolitics. 2. Trade and Commerce: India...

The study of the geography of India encompasses a wide range of topics, including its physical features, climate, natural resources, population distribution, cultural diversity, and economic activities. Here's an overview of the scope and significance of studying the geography of India: Scope: 1. Physical Geography: Examines India's diverse landscapes, such as the Himalayan mountain range, the Thar Desert, fertile plains like the Indo-Gangetic plain, plateaus, rivers, and coastlines. It also covers the country's geological formations and natural hazards like earthquakes and floods. 2. Climatology: Investigates India's climate zones, monsoonal patterns, seasonal variations, and their impacts on agriculture and water resources. 3. Human Geography: Focuses on the distribution of India's population, urbanization trends, migration patterns, and the cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity of its people. 4. Economic Geography: Analyzes the spatial distribution of ind...

SPOT, which stands for "Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre" in French, is a system of commercial Earth imaging satellites. These satellites are equipped with high-resolution optical cameras to capture pictures of the Earth. HRV (High Resolution Visible) and HRVIR (High Resolution Visible IR) detectors. SPOT 1 was launched in February 1986 and operated until November 2003 when it was taken out of orbit. It had a high-resolution optical camera onboard. SPOT 2 was launched in January 1990 and operated until July 2009 before being deorbited. It also had a high-resolution optical camera. SPOT 3 was launched in September 1993 and worked for three years until a malfunction in November 1996. It had a similar high-resolution optical camera. SPOT 4 was launched in March 1998 and retired in June 2013, carrying a high-resolution optical camera. SPOT 5 was launched in May 2002 and operated until March 2015. This satellite had advanced cameras for 3D terrain modeling. SPOT 6, lau...

Landslides. TYPES OF LANDSLIDES The term "landslide" describes a wide variety of processes that result in the downward and outward movement of slope-forming materials including rock, soil, artificial fill, or a combination of these. The materials may move by falling, toppling, sliding, spreading, or flowing. The animated GIF shows a graphic illustration of different types of landslides, with the commonly accepted terminology describing their features. The various types of landslides can be differentiated by the kinds of material involved and the mode of movement.

Multispectral imaging Using Linear Arrays Or Along-track scanners Or pushbroom scanners linear array of detectors (A) focal plane of the image (B)  formed by lens systems (C) ground resolution cell (D)