Spatial filtering encompasses another set of digital processing functions which are used to enhance the appearance of an image. Spatial filters are designed to highlight or suppress specific features in an image based on their spatial frequency. Spatial frequency is related to the concept of image texture. It refers to the frequency of the variations in tone that appear in an image. "Rough" textured areas of an image, where the changes in tone are abrupt over a small area, have high spatial frequencies, while "smooth" areas with little variation in tone over several pixels, have low spatial frequencies. A common filtering procedure involves moving a 'window' of a few pixels in dimension (e.g. 3x3, 5x5, etc.) over each pixel in the image, applying a mathematical calculation using the pixel values under that window, and replacing the central pixel with the new value. The window is moved along in both the row and column dimensions one pixel at a time and the ca...
Focused on advancing knowledge and expertise in Geography, GIS, Remote Sensing, Geographical Data Science, and Analysis, I am deeply committed to teaching and conducting research in these fields. With a keen interest in leveraging data-driven approaches for informed decision-making, I specialize in crafting maps that facilitate effective analysis and interpretation of spatial information. Assistant Professor Of Geography, PG and Research Department of Geography, Government College Chittur