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Location – Where the object is found on the map or photo. Knowing the place can give clues about what it is.
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Size – How big or small it appears, which helps identify objects (e.g., a football field vs. a garden).
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Shape – The outline or form of the object, such as round, rectangular, or irregular.
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Shadow – The dark area an object casts; it helps guess height, shape, and type of object.
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Tone/Color – Lightness, darkness, or color differences that help tell objects apart (e.g., blue water, green vegetation).
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Texture – How smooth or rough the surface looks in the image (e.g., forest appears rough, grassland appears smooth).
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Pattern – The arrangement or repetition of objects, like rows of trees or grid-like city blocks.
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Height/Depth – How tall or deep an object or landform is, often estimated from shadows or stereo images.
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Site/Situation/Association – The surroundings and relationships between objects (e.g., a swimming pool next to a house, or a factory near a railway line).
A natural disaster is a catastrophic event caused by natural processes of the Earth that results in significant loss of life, property, and environmental resources. It occurs when a hazard (potentially damaging physical event) interacts with a vulnerable population and leads to disruption of normal life . Key terms: Hazard → A potential natural event (e.g., cyclone, earthquake). Disaster → When the hazard causes widespread damage due to vulnerability. Risk → Probability of harmful consequences from interaction of hazard and vulnerability. Vulnerability → Degree to which a community or system is exposed and unable to cope with the hazard. Resilience → Ability of a system or society to recover from the disaster impact. 👉 Example: An earthquake in an uninhabited desert is a hazard , but not a disaster unless people or infrastructure are affected. Types Natural disasters can be classified into geophysical, hydrological, meteorological, clim...
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