Skip to main content

UGC NET Geography 1

The north-pole lies with in the Arctic Ocean whereas south-pole is located within Antartic Continent. Which of the following theory uses this phenomenon as a supportive argument ? 

(A) Theory of Isostasy
(B) Theory of Plate Tectonics
(C) Convective Current Theory
(D) Tetrahedral Theory

The answer is **(B) Theory of Plate Tectonics**.

The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's surface is made up of a number of large plates that are constantly moving. The North Pole lies within the Arctic Ocean because the Arctic Ocean is located on a plate that is moving away from the North Pole. The South Pole, on the other hand, is located within Antarctica because Antarctica is a continent that is not moving.

The other theories listed are not supportive of this phenomenon. The theory of isostasy states that the Earth's crust is balanced by the underlying mantle, so the North Pole would not be located in an ocean if this theory were correct. The theory of convective current theory states that the Earth's mantle is heated from below and that this heat causes the mantle to move, but this theory does not explain why the North Pole is located in an ocean and the South Pole is located on a continent. The tetrahedral theory is not a scientific theory and is not supported by evidence.

**Explanation of other theories:**

* **Theory of Isostasy** states that the Earth's crust is balanced by the underlying mantle. This means that the weight of the crust is supported by the mantle, so the crust does not sink into the mantle. The North Pole is located in an ocean because the crust in this area is relatively thin. The mantle is therefore able to push up the crust, creating an ocean.

* **Theory of Convective Current Theory** states that the Earth's mantle is heated from below and that this heat causes the mantle to move. The mantle is a layer of hot, solid rock that lies below the Earth's crust. The heat from the Earth's core causes the mantle to move in a convective current. This means that the mantle is constantly circulating, with hot material rising to the surface and cooler material sinking to the bottom. The convective current theory does not explain why the North Pole is located in an ocean and the South Pole is located on a continent.

* **Tetrahedral Theory** is not a scientific theory and is not supported by evidence. This theory states that the Earth is shaped like a tetrahedron, with the North Pole at one point of the tetrahedron and the South Pole at another point. The theory also states that the Earth's crust is made up of four plates that are constantly moving. However, there is no scientific evidence to support this theory.

Therefore, the theory of plate tectonics is the best explanation for why the North Pole lies within the Arctic Ocean and the South Pole is located within Antarctica.

🌍


Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Geologic and tectonic framework of the Indian shield

  Major Terms and Regions Explained 1. Indian Shield The Indian Shield refers to the ancient, stable core of the Indian Plate made of hard crystalline rocks. It comprises Archean to Proterozoic rocks that have remained tectonically stable over billions of years. Important Geological Features and Regions ▪️ Ch – Chhattisgarh Basin A sedimentary basin part of the Bastar Craton . Contains rocks of Proterozoic age , mainly sedimentary. Important for understanding the evolution of central India. ▪️ CIS – Central Indian Shear Zone A major tectonic shear zone , separating the Bundelkhand and Bastar cratons . It records intense deformation and metamorphism . Acts as a suture zone , marking ancient tectonic collisions. ▪️ GR – Godavari Rift A rift valley formed due to stretching and thinning of the Earth's crust. Associated with sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon resources . ▪️ M – Madras Block An Archean crustal block in...

Evaluation and Characteristics of Himalayas

Time Period Event / Process Geological Evidence Key Terms & Concepts Late Precambrian – Palaeozoic (>541 Ma – ~250 Ma) India part of Gondwana , north bordered by Cimmerian Superterranes, separated from Eurasia by Paleo-Tethys Ocean . Pan-African granitic intrusions (~500 Ma), unconformity between Ordovician conglomerates & Cambrian sediments. Gondwana, Paleo-Tethys Ocean, Pan-African orogeny, unconformity, granitic intrusions, Cimmerian Superterranes. Early Carboniferous – Early Permian (~359 – 272 Ma) Rifting between India & Cimmerian Superterranes → Neotethys Ocean formation. Rift-related sediments, passive margin sequences. Rifting, Neotethys Ocean, passive continental margin. Norian (210 Ma) – Callovian (160–155 Ma) Gondwana split into East & West; India part of East Gondwana with Australia & Antarctica. Rift basins, oceanic crust formation. Continental breakup, East Gondwana, West Gondwana, oceanic crust. Early Cretaceous (130–125 Ma) India broke fr...

Seismicity and Earthquakes, Isostasy and Gravity

1. Seismicity and Earthquakes in the Indian Subcontinent Key Concept: Seismicity Definition : The occurrence, frequency, and magnitude of earthquakes in a region. In India, seismicity is high due to active tectonic processes . Plate Tectonics 🌏 Indian Plate : Moves northward at about 5 cm/year. Collision with Eurasian Plate : Causes intense crustal deformation , mountain building (Himalayas), and earthquakes. This is an example of a continental-continental collision zone . Seismic Zones of India Classified into Zone II, III, IV, V (Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS). Zone V = highest hazard (e.g., Himalayas, Northeast India). Zone II = lowest hazard (e.g., parts of peninsular India). Earthquake Hazards ⚠️ Himalayas: prone to large shallow-focus earthquakes due to active thrust faulting. Northeast India: complex subduction and strike-slip faults . Examples: 1897 Shillong Earthquake (Magnitude ~8.1) 1950 Assam–Tib...

Vector geoprocessing - Clipping, Erase, identify, Union & Intersection

Think of your vector data (points, lines, polygons) like shapes drawn on a transparent sheet. Geoprocessing is just cutting, joining, or comparing those shapes to get new shapes or information. 1. Clipping ✂️ Imagine you have a big map and you only want to keep a part of it (like cutting a photo into a smaller rectangle). You use another shape (like the boundary of a district) to "clip" and keep only what is inside. Result: Only the data inside the clipping shape remains. 2. Erase 🚫 Opposite of clipping. You remove (erase) the area of one shape from another shape. Example: You have a city map and want to remove all the park areas from it. 3. Identify 🔍 This checks which features from one layer fall inside (or touch) another layer. Example: Identify all the schools inside a flood zone. 4. Union 🤝 Combines two shapes together and keeps everything from both. Works like stacking two transparent sheets and redrawing t...

vector data analysis in GIS Surface Analysis – Interpolation – IDW

1. Surface Analysis 🗺️ This is when we try to understand and visualize how a value changes across a surface (like land). The values might be temperature, rainfall, elevation, pollution levels, etc. We often start with only some points where we know the value, but we want to guess the values everywhere in between. 2. Interpolation 📍➡️📍 Interpolation is a way of estimating unknown values between known points. Imagine you know the temperature at a few weather stations, but you want to know the temperature everywhere in between. GIS uses math to "fill in the blanks" between the points. 3. IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) 🎯 One popular interpolation method. The idea: Points that are closer to you have more influence than points farther away. Example: If you're standing between two rain gauges, the closer one's reading will affect your estimated rainfall more than the farther one. "Inverse Distance" means: The ...