Eco-mark Scheme 🐟

The Eco-mark Scheme is a concept in environmental geography that pertains to a certification program aimed at promoting environmentally friendly products and reducing the environmental impact of consumer goods. It is a labeling scheme that allows consumers to identify and choose products that meet specific ecological criteria.

The Eco-mark Scheme typically operates under the authority of a governmental or regulatory body responsible for environmental conservation and sustainability. It sets guidelines and standards for products to be eligible for the eco-label. These standards may cover various aspects such as resource conservation, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials.

The purpose of the Eco-mark Scheme is to encourage manufacturers to adopt sustainable practices in the production and distribution of their goods. By meeting the criteria set forth by the scheme, manufacturers can display the eco-label on their products, indicating that they meet the specified environmental standards. This label serves as a reliable indicator for consumers who are conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases.

The Eco-mark Scheme benefits both consumers and the environment. For consumers, it provides information and assurance that the products they are purchasing are environmentally friendly. It allows them to make informed choices that align with their environmental values and supports sustainable consumption patterns.

For the environment, the Eco-mark Scheme promotes the adoption of sustainable manufacturing processes, reduces the use of harmful substances, encourages resource efficiency, and promotes waste reduction. By recognizing and rewarding companies that adhere to these practices, the scheme encourages other manufacturers to follow suit, thus driving positive changes throughout the supply chain.

The specific criteria and guidelines of the Eco-mark Scheme may vary from country to country or even within different product categories. Some schemes focus on specific industries or sectors, while others encompass a broader range of consumer goods. The scheme may also include periodic reviews and audits to ensure ongoing compliance and improvement.

In summary, the Eco-mark Scheme is a labeling program designed to promote environmentally friendly products by setting criteria and standards for manufacturers to meet. It enables consumers to identify and choose products that have a reduced environmental impact, contributing to sustainable consumption and environmental conservation efforts.

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Evaluation and Characteristics of Himalayas

Time Period Event / Process Geological Evidence Key Terms & Concepts Late Precambrian – Palaeozoic (>541 Ma – ~250 Ma) India part of Gondwana , north bordered by Cimmerian Superterranes, separated from Eurasia by Paleo-Tethys Ocean . Pan-African granitic intrusions (~500 Ma), unconformity between Ordovician conglomerates & Cambrian sediments. Gondwana, Paleo-Tethys Ocean, Pan-African orogeny, unconformity, granitic intrusions, Cimmerian Superterranes. Early Carboniferous – Early Permian (~359 – 272 Ma) Rifting between India & Cimmerian Superterranes → Neotethys Ocean formation. Rift-related sediments, passive margin sequences. Rifting, Neotethys Ocean, passive continental margin. Norian (210 Ma) – Callovian (160–155 Ma) Gondwana split into East & West; India part of East Gondwana with Australia & Antarctica. Rift basins, oceanic crust formation. Continental breakup, East Gondwana, West Gondwana, oceanic crust. Early Cretaceous (130–125 Ma) India broke fr...

Geologic and tectonic framework of the Indian shield

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Seismicity and Earthquakes, Isostasy and Gravity

1. Seismicity and Earthquakes in the Indian Subcontinent Key Concept: Seismicity Definition : The occurrence, frequency, and magnitude of earthquakes in a region. In India, seismicity is high due to active tectonic processes . Plate Tectonics 🌏 Indian Plate : Moves northward at about 5 cm/year. Collision with Eurasian Plate : Causes intense crustal deformation , mountain building (Himalayas), and earthquakes. This is an example of a continental-continental collision zone . Seismic Zones of India Classified into Zone II, III, IV, V (Bureau of Indian Standards, BIS). Zone V = highest hazard (e.g., Himalayas, Northeast India). Zone II = lowest hazard (e.g., parts of peninsular India). Earthquake Hazards ⚠️ Himalayas: prone to large shallow-focus earthquakes due to active thrust faulting. Northeast India: complex subduction and strike-slip faults . Examples: 1897 Shillong Earthquake (Magnitude ~8.1) 1950 Assam–Tib...

Vector geoprocessing - Clipping, Erase, identify, Union & Intersection

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vector data analysis in GIS Surface Analysis – Interpolation – IDW

1. Surface Analysis 🗺️ This is when we try to understand and visualize how a value changes across a surface (like land). The values might be temperature, rainfall, elevation, pollution levels, etc. We often start with only some points where we know the value, but we want to guess the values everywhere in between. 2. Interpolation 📍➡️📍 Interpolation is a way of estimating unknown values between known points. Imagine you know the temperature at a few weather stations, but you want to know the temperature everywhere in between. GIS uses math to "fill in the blanks" between the points. 3. IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) 🎯 One popular interpolation method. The idea: Points that are closer to you have more influence than points farther away. Example: If you're standing between two rain gauges, the closer one's reading will affect your estimated rainfall more than the farther one. "Inverse Distance" means: The ...

Vineesh V, Geography

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