Eco-mark Scheme 🐟

The Eco-mark Scheme is a concept in environmental geography that pertains to a certification program aimed at promoting environmentally friendly products and reducing the environmental impact of consumer goods. It is a labeling scheme that allows consumers to identify and choose products that meet specific ecological criteria.

The Eco-mark Scheme typically operates under the authority of a governmental or regulatory body responsible for environmental conservation and sustainability. It sets guidelines and standards for products to be eligible for the eco-label. These standards may cover various aspects such as resource conservation, energy efficiency, waste reduction, and the use of environmentally friendly materials.

The purpose of the Eco-mark Scheme is to encourage manufacturers to adopt sustainable practices in the production and distribution of their goods. By meeting the criteria set forth by the scheme, manufacturers can display the eco-label on their products, indicating that they meet the specified environmental standards. This label serves as a reliable indicator for consumers who are conscious of the environmental impact of their purchases.

The Eco-mark Scheme benefits both consumers and the environment. For consumers, it provides information and assurance that the products they are purchasing are environmentally friendly. It allows them to make informed choices that align with their environmental values and supports sustainable consumption patterns.

For the environment, the Eco-mark Scheme promotes the adoption of sustainable manufacturing processes, reduces the use of harmful substances, encourages resource efficiency, and promotes waste reduction. By recognizing and rewarding companies that adhere to these practices, the scheme encourages other manufacturers to follow suit, thus driving positive changes throughout the supply chain.

The specific criteria and guidelines of the Eco-mark Scheme may vary from country to country or even within different product categories. Some schemes focus on specific industries or sectors, while others encompass a broader range of consumer goods. The scheme may also include periodic reviews and audits to ensure ongoing compliance and improvement.

In summary, the Eco-mark Scheme is a labeling program designed to promote environmentally friendly products by setting criteria and standards for manufacturers to meet. It enables consumers to identify and choose products that have a reduced environmental impact, contributing to sustainable consumption and environmental conservation efforts.

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Radar Sensors in Remote Sensing

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Optical Sensors in Remote Sensing

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Geometric Correction

When satellite or aerial images are captured, they often contain distortions (errors in shape, scale, or position) caused by many factors — like Earth's curvature, satellite motion, terrain height (relief), or the Earth's rotation . These distortions make the image not properly aligned with real-world coordinates (latitude and longitude). 👉 Geometric correction is the process of removing these distortions so that every pixel in the image correctly represents its location on the Earth's surface. After geometric correction, the image becomes geographically referenced and can be used with maps and GIS data. Types 1. Systematic Correction Systematic errors are predictable and can be modeled mathematically. They occur due to the geometry and movement of the satellite sensor or the Earth. Common systematic distortions: Scan skew – due to the motion of the sensor as it scans the Earth. Mirror velocity variation – scanning mirror moves at a va...

Thermal Sensors in Remote Sensing

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LiDAR in Remote Sensing

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is an active remote sensing technology that uses laser pulses to measure distances to the Earth's surface and create high-resolution 3D maps . LiDAR sensors emit short pulses of laser light (usually in the near-infrared range) and measure the time it takes for the pulse to return after hitting an object. Because LiDAR measures distance very precisely, it is excellent for mapping: terrain vegetation height buildings forests coastlines flood plains ✅ 1. Active Sensor LiDAR sends its own laser energy, unlike passive sensors that rely on sunlight. ✅ 2. Laser Pulse LiDAR emits thousands of pulses per second (even millions). Wavelengths commonly used: Near-Infrared (NIR) → land and vegetation mapping Green (532 nm) → water/ bathymetry (penetrates shallow water) ✅ 3. Time of Flight (TOF) The sensor measures the time taken for the laser to travel: from the sensor → to the sur...

Vineesh V, Geography

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