Water cycle. Hydrological cycle.

Heat balance. Water budget

The concepts of heat balance and water budget are crucial in understanding the Earth's climate and the distribution of water resources. Here's an explanation of each: 1. Heat Balance: The Earth's heat balance, also known as the Earth's energy budget, refers to the equilibrium between the incoming solar radiation (energy from the Sun) and the outgoing terrestrial radiation (heat radiated back into space). This balance determines the temperature and climate of our planet. Here's how it works: - Incoming Solar Radiation (Insolation): The Sun emits energy in the form of sunlight, including visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This solar energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere and surface. - Absorption and Reflection: When sunlight reaches the Earth, some of it is absorbed by the surface (land, water, vegetation), warming the Earth. Some of it is also reflected back into space by clouds, ice, and other reflective surfaces. - Outgoing Terrestrial Radiation: As the Ea

Watershed. Catchment. Basin

A watershed, also known as a river basin or drainage basin, is a fundamental concept in geohydrology and hydrology. It refers to a specific geographic area or region of land where all the surface water, including rainfall, snowmelt, and runoff, drains into a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or ocean. Here's an explanation of each term: 1. Watershed: A watershed is essentially a natural hydrological unit defined by the topography of the land. It represents the entire area from which all precipitation and surface water flow eventually gathers at a single point. This point is typically where the main river or stream within the watershed exits into a larger body of water, such as an ocean. Watersheds come in various sizes, from small ones that encompass a few square miles to enormous ones that cover entire continents. 2. River/Drainage Basin: A river basin or drainage basin is another way to describe a watershed. It's the land area that collects and channels water into a river

What is Water and how it is a Resource

Water: 1. Chemical Composition: Water is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with the chemical formula H2O. 2. States of Matter: It can exist in three main states - liquid, solid (ice), and gas (water vapor) - depending on temperature and pressure. 3. Universal Solvent: Water is an excellent solvent, meaning it can dissolve a wide range of substances, making it essential for various chemical reactions and biological processes. 4. High Heat Capacity: It has a high heat capacity, which helps regulate temperature and climate patterns on Earth. 5. Cohesion and Adhesion: Water molecules exhibit cohesion (stick together) and adhesion (stick to other surfaces), crucial for capillary action in plants and the transport of nutrients. 6. Surface Tension: The surface tension of water enables insects like water striders to "walk" on its surface due to the cohesive forces between molecules. Water as a Resource: 1. Life Sustenance:

Geography of Water Resources. Scope.

1. Distribution and Availability : Study of how water is distributed across different geographic regions, including its presence in oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers. 2. Hydrological Cycle : Examination of the movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff, and groundwater recharge. 3. Water Quality : Analysis of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water, addressing issues like pollution and contamination. 4. Water Scarcity : Exploration of areas where water supply is insufficient to meet demand, often due to factors like population growth, climate change, and mismanagement. 5. Water Management : Study of strategies to conserve, allocate, and regulate water resources, including infrastructure like dams, reservoirs, and irrigation systems. 6. Water-related Ecosystems : Understanding the influence of water on various ecosystems, such as wetlands, rivers, estuaries, and coastal areas. 7. Human Impact : E

Vineesh V, Geography

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