Monsoon forcast . Kerala

മൺസൂൺ 2021 പ്രവചനം തുടരുന്നു

*കേരളത്തിൽ ഇത്തവണ കാലവര്ഷം സാധരണ നിലയിൽ ആകാൻ സാധ്യത. ജപ്പാൻ, യു. കെ കാലാവസ്ഥ ഏജൻസികൾ*

*ലോകത്തെ പ്രമുഖ അന്താരാഷ്ട്ര കാലാവസ്ഥ ഏജൻസികളയായ ജപ്പാൻ കാലാവസ്ഥ ഏജൻസി (JMA), യു. കെ കാലാവസ്ഥ ഏജൻസി ( യു കെ മെറ്റ് ഓഫീസ് )എന്നിവയുടെ ഏപ്രിൽ മാസത്തെ അന്തരീക്ഷ സ്ഥിതി പ്രകാരം ഇത്തവണ കാലാവര്ഷം (ജൂൺ -ഓഗസ്റ്റ്) കേരളത്തിൽ സാധാരണ നിലയിൽ ആയിരിക്കാൻ സാധ്യത.*

*കേന്ദ്ര കാലാവസ്ഥവകുപ്പ് ഇന്നലെ പുറപെടുവിച്ച പ്രവചന പ്രകാരം കേരളത്തിൽ സാധാരണയിൽ കൂടുതൽ മഴ പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കുന്നു

Vineesh V
Assistant Professor of Geography,
Government College Chittur, Palakkad
Government of Kerala.

https://vineesh-geography.business.site

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Platforms in Remote Sensing

In remote sensing, a platform is the physical structure or vehicle that carries a sensor (camera, scanner, radar, etc.) to observe and collect information about the Earth's surface. Platforms are classified mainly by their altitude and mobility : Ground-Based Platforms Definition : Sensors mounted on the Earth's surface or very close to it. Examples : Tripods, towers, ground vehicles, handheld instruments. Applications : Calibration and validation of satellite data Detailed local studies (e.g., soil properties, vegetation health, air quality) Strength : High spatial detail but limited coverage. Airborne Platforms Definition : Sensors carried by aircraft, balloons, or drones (UAVs). Altitude : A few hundred meters to ~20 km. Examples : Airplanes with multispectral scanners UAVs with high-resolution cameras or LiDAR High-altitude balloons (stratospheric platforms) Applications : Local-to-regional mapping ...

Types of Remote Sensing

Remote Sensing means collecting information about the Earth's surface without touching it , usually using satellites, aircraft, or drones . There are different types of remote sensing based on the energy source and the wavelength region used. 🛰️ 1. Active Remote Sensing 📘 Concept: In active remote sensing , the sensor sends out its own energy (like a signal or pulse) to the Earth's surface. The sensor then records the reflected or backscattered energy that comes back from the surface. ⚙️ Key Terminology: Transmitter: sends energy (like a radar pulse or laser beam). Receiver: detects the energy that bounces back. Backscatter: energy that is reflected back to the sensor. 📊 Examples of Active Sensors: RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging): Uses microwave signals to detect surface roughness, soil moisture, or ocean waves. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Uses laser light (near-infrared) to measure elevation, vegetation...

Model GIS object attribute entity

These concepts explain different ways of organizing, storing, and representing geographic information in a Geographic Information System (GIS) . They include database design models (ER model), data structure models (Object and Attribute models), and spatio-temporal representations that integrate location, entities, and time . Together, they help GIS manage both spatial data (where things are) and descriptive information (what they are and how they change over time) . 1. Object-Based Model (Object-Oriented Data Model) The Object-Based Model treats geographic features as independent objects that combine spatial geometry and descriptive attributes within a single structure. Core Concept: Each geographic feature (such as a building, road, or river ) is represented as a self-contained object that stores both: Geometry – location and shape (point, line, polygon) Attributes – descriptive properties (name, type, length, capacity) Unlike older georelational models , which stored spatial ...

Energy Interaction with Atmosphere and Earth Surface

In Remote Sensing , satellites record electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is reflected or emitted from the Earth. Before reaching the sensor, radiation interacts with: The Atmosphere The Earth's Surface These interactions control how satellite images look and how we interpret them. I. Interaction of EMR with the Atmosphere When solar radiation travels from the Sun to the Earth, four main processes occur: 1. Absorption Definition: Absorption occurs when atmospheric gases absorb radiation at specific wavelengths and convert it into heat. Main absorbing gases: Ozone (O₃) → absorbs Ultraviolet (UV) Carbon dioxide (CO₂) → absorbs Thermal Infrared Water vapour (H₂O) → absorbs Infrared Concept: Atmospheric Windows These are wavelength regions where absorption is very low, allowing radiation to pass through the atmosphere. Remote sensing depends on these windows. For example, satellites like Landsat 8 use visible, near-infrared, and thermal bands located in atmospheric windows. 2. Trans...

Government of Kerala Initiatives for Water Management

Kerala, with its abundant rainfall and network of rivers, faces a dual challenge of water scarcity and excess —seasonal droughts and monsoon floods. The state government has implemented various policies and programs to address these challenges through sustainable water conservation, management, and distribution practices . Below is a detailed breakdown of the major water management initiatives in Kerala. 1. Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) – Kerala Implementation Objective: To provide functional household tap connections (FHTC) to all rural households by 2024. Focuses on source sustainability and community-led water resource management. Key Features: Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance: Ensures supply of safe drinking water through real-time monitoring. Decentralized Approach: Implementation through gram panchayats and local self-governments (LSGs) . Recharge & Conservation Measures: Rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and watershed development inte...

Vineesh V, Geography

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