Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," where soil and rock move down-slope due to gravity. Landslides can be caused by a combination of factors, such as rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, and human activities. There are five modes of slope movement, including falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows, which vary depending on the type of geologic material. Debris flows and rock falls are common types of landslides. Landslides can also occur underwater, known as submarine landslides, and sometimes cause tsunamis. Landslides occur when down-slope forces exceed the strength of the earth materials that compose the slope. Slopes already on the verge of movement are more susceptible to landslides, which can be induced by earthquakes, volcanic activity, and stream erosion. There are four main types of movement: falls, topples, slides (rotational and translational), and flows. Landslides can involve just one of these movements or a combination of several. Geologists also
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