Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University For Women (Established by Govt. of Delhi vide Act 09 of 2012) Kashmere Gate, Delhi – 110006 Ph.D Admissions: Academic Year 2019-20 (Even Semester: Jan. 2020) http://www.igdtuw.ac.in Applications for admissions to Ph.D Programme of IGDTUW for the Academic Year 2019-20 (Even Semester: Jan. 2020) are invited in various areas of Engineering, Applied Sciences and Humanities. Ph.D Programme at IGDTUW is only for female students. Admission shall be on the basis of Research Aptitude Test (RAT) followed by interview. Applicants who have qualified GATE/NET will be exempted from RAT Exam and will be called directly to appear in interview. IGDTUW Junior Research Fellowship may be offered to few of the selected PhD scholars. IMPORTANT DATES: Online Application starts on –06/12/2019 Last Date of Applications –25/12/2019 Date of RAT Examination – 31/12/2019 Application Process: Interested candidates may apply online through the Websitehttp://www.igdtuw.ac.in Help Desk Email ID: phdadmissions@igdtuw.ac.in For details please visit University website. Helpline Numbers-011-23900220, 23900221
1. Principles Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing is based on the detection of naturally emitted electromagnetic radiation from objects, rather than reflected solar energy. According to Planck's Radiation Law , all objects with a temperature above absolute zero (0 K) emit electromagnetic radiation. For Earth surface features, the peak emission lies in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) region of 3–14 μm of the electromagnetic spectrum. The amount of radiation emitted is primarily a function of surface temperature and emissivity . Sensors measure the radiant energy flux density (W/m²) , which is later converted to surface temperature using Stefan-Boltzmann's Law . 2. Radiation Properties in TIR Emissivity (ε): Ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to that emitted by a perfect blackbody at the same temperature. Natural surfaces like water (ε ≈ 0.98) have high emissivity, while bare soils and metals have lower values. Blackbody: An idealized object th...

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